The question was, "Do monkeys and humans perceive optical illusions in the same way?". The hypothesis was that the monkeys would perceive the pictures as illusions. This is because in a similar study executed previously, the tested monkeys saw perceived the size of circles incorrectly: a purpose of the optical illusion.
The study used a type of illusion called a Delboeuf illusion. These consist of a thin circle with a large filled in dot in the center. The size of the center dots stay the same, but the thin surrounding circle's size changes. This creates the illusion that dots in smaller circles are larger than dots in bigger circles. To test whether the monkeys saw the images as an illusion, the researchers trained monkeys to use joysticks and computer monitors. Both the monkeys and humans were asked to classify dots as large or small. When they answered correctly, humans were given a written reward and monkeys were given a banana flavored pellet.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150928083116.htm
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